<div dir="auto"> Max, as Paul says, finding the sweet spot is the key and it's a moving target! Take a look at the attached scan from Campbell's book on sports car engines. Notice please the pressure curve and how it doesn't really rise much at all until well after the spark alights the charge on fire - perhaps only doubling cylinder pressure by TDC. So although lighting off the charge before TDC would appear to reduce power, the negative effect is minimal when compared to placing the six-fold pressure increase where it can do the most work.<div dir="auto"> Paul, <i>et al. </i>have astutely pointed out the counter-productive and even damaging effects of pre-ignition and 'pinking', or 'pinging' as we say here in the States. Both of these phenomena are potentially damaging to the engine. And their occurence is a whole other topic - if somewhat allied to timing. Here's just a teaser and stated at the limits of my knowledge. </div><div dir="auto"> Pre-ignition is as the word describes, when the charge is ignited before ignition by the spark. That can happen in high compression petrol engines by dieseling. That is, ignition by the heat of compressing the charge alone, or by some 'hot spot' within the combustion space. E.g. the plug's tip or a glowing carbon buildup. Pinking is believed to be caused by the 'end gas' flash-burning all at once rather than progressing smoothly. It's rumored to have gained its name from the sound it makes. Again, I am paraphrasing words from Campbell, not claiming intimate knowledge.</div><div dir="auto"> Suffice to say, so many poorly understood things are happening in a running engine, it's no wonder that most parameters are set, or at least fine tuned, by testing rather than modeling. Repeating: "Practice always works in theory, but theory doesn't always work in practice."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> Thank you everyone for your questions and answers. Fascinating topic.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Rick</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 5, 2020, 5:19 AM PaulHunt73 via Mgs <<a href="mailto:mgs@autox.team.net">mgs@autox.team.net</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><u></u>
<div style="WORD-WRAP:break-word" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<div><font size="2">That's exactly what does happen, because ignition is
anything from 10 degrees upwards BTDC. It's a trade-off between how much
power you lose by too much of the fuel burning while the piston is still coming
up - over advanced, against how much you lose with fuel still burning far into
the expansion stroke - retarded. There is a sweet-spot, but that
continually changes with rpm and throttle opening, which is why we have
centrifugal and vacuum advance. Centrifugal increases the advance as the
rpm increases and the likelihood of detonation decreases, vacuum advance
backs off the timing as the throttle is opened and more mixture goes into the
cylinder giving higher cylinder pressures, which increases the likelihood of
detonation.</font></div>
<div><font size="2"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2">PaulH.</font></div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px">
<div style="FONT:10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div><font size="2"></font><br></div>Well, it seems to me that if you advance
the spark to a point on the compression stroke where the piston is still
coming up, the expanding ignited mixture would be fighting the piston, and it
would actually reduce power. I’m not sure if that is what you are talking
about, though.</blockquote></div>
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