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:)
On 7/9/2021 5:39 PM, Laurie Wilford wrote:
> ^^&&;&&::::&^^^;^::^&:^^&£^&;&£:&&**1w1s the w
> £^ jvvvjhhhjhbj hiva
> The dua2e2Kamloops 3sa
> 223 21qq read sei 91q 21qq23wa221qq23wa a221geyfg tech
> Sent from my Galaxy2szszuy
> A3ru
>
> -------- Original message --------
>
> From: llennep--- via Healeys <healeys@autox.team.net>66uf67çx
>
> Date: 2021-07-09 3:06 p.m. (GMT-05:00)
> To: healeys@autox.team.net
> Subject: [Healeys] Another sign that we are all doomed not Healey
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> How Software Is Eating the Car
>
>
> The trend toward self-driving and electric vehicles will add
> hundreds of millions of lines of code to cars. Can the auto
> industry cope?
>
> By Robert N. Charette <https://spectrum.ieee.org/author/robert-n-charette>
> Predictions of lost global vehicle production caused by the ongoing
> semiconductor shortage
> <https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-Spotlight/How-the-chip-shortage-got-so-bad-and-why-it-s-so-hard-to-fix>Â continue
>
> to rise. In January, analysts forecast
> <https://www.business-standard.com/article/automobile/world-s-biggest-automakers-suspend-operations-as-chip-supplies-dry-up-121032400488_1.html> that 1.5
>
> million fewer vehicles would be produced as a result of the shortage;
> by April that number had steadily climbed
> <https://www.autonews.com/manufacturing/latest-numbers-microchip-shortage-pickups-taking-bigger-hits>Â to
>
> more than 2.7 million units, and by May, to more than 4.1 million
> units
> <https://www.autonews.com/manufacturing/plants-big-worry-missing-demand-because-chip-crisis>.
> The semiconductor shortage has underscored not only the fragility of
> the automotive supply chain
> <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-semiconductors-supply-chain-ins/auto-industry-rethinks-cost-cutting-playbook-as-covid-19-chip-shortages-disrupt-supply-chains-idUSKBN2BO4ZW>,
>
> but placed an intense spotlight on the auto industryâ??s reliance on the
> dozens of concealed computers embedded throughout vehicles today.
> â??No other industry is undergoing as rapid technological change as the
> auto industry,â?? says Zoran Filipi, Chair of the Department of
> Automotive Engineering at Clemson Universityâ??s International Center
> for Automotive Research <https://cuicar.com/>. â??This is driven by the
> need to address impending, evermore stringent CO2Â and criteria
> emission regulations, while sustaining unprecedented rate of progress
> with development of automation and infotainment, and meeting the
> customer expectations regarding performance, comfort, and utility.â??
> The coming years will see even greater change, as more auto
> manufacturers commit
> <https://www.caranddriver.com/news/g35562831/ev-plans-automakers-timeline/>Â to
>
> phasing out their internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles to
> meet global climate-change targets
> <https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/growing-momentum-global-overview-of-government-targets-for-phasing-out-sales-of-new-internal-combustion-engine-vehicles/>Â by
>
> replacing them with electric vehicles
> <https://www.caranddriver.com/news/g29994375/future-electric-cars-trucks/>Â (EVs)
>
> that will eventually be capable of autonomous operation
> <https://www.jdpower.com/cars/shopping-guides/levels-of-autonomous-driving-explained>.
> The past decade of ICE vehicle development illustrates the rapid
> progress it has made, as well as where it is heading.
> Chart titled Vehicle production shortfall due to chip shortage.
> â??Once, software was a part of the car. Now, software determines the
> value of a car,â?? notes Manfred Broy, emeritus professor of informatics
> at Technical University <https://www.tum.de/en/>, Munich and a leading
> expert on software in automobiles. â??The success of a car depends on
> its software much more than the mechanical side.â?? Nearly all vehicle
> innovations by auto manufacturers, or original equipment manufacturers
> (OEMs) as they are called by industry insiders, are now tied to
> software, he says.
> Ten years ago
> <https://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/systems/this-car-runs-on-code>,
> only premium cars contained 100 microprocessor-based electronic
> control units (ECUs) networked throughout the body of a car, executing
> 100 million lines of code or more. Today, high-end cars like the BMW
> 7-series with advanced technology like advanced driver-assist systems
> <https://www.caranddriver.com/research/a31880412/adas/>Â (ADAS) may
> contain
> <https://www.embitel.com/blog/embedded-blog/automotive-control-units-development-innovations-mechanical-to-electronics>Â 150
>
> ECUs or more, while pick-up trucks like Fordâ??s F-150 top 150 million
> lines of code
> <https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2016/01/13/guess-what-requires-150-million-lines-of-code/>.
>
> Even low-end vehicles are quickly approaching 100 ECUs and 100
> million of lines of code as more features that were once considered
> luxury options, such as adaptive cruise control
> <https://www.motortrend.com/news/adaptive-cruise-control/>Â and
> automatic emergency braking
> <https://www.motortrend.com/news/automatic-emergency-braking/>, are
> becoming standard.
> Additional safety features that have been mandated since 2010 like
> electronic stability control,
> <https://mycardoeswhat.org/safety-features/electronic-stability-control/>
> backup cameras
> <https://abcnews.go.com/US/cars-us-now-required-backup-cameras/story?id=54854404>,
>
> and automatic emergency calling (eCall)
> <https://etsc.eu/automated-emergency-calling-ecall-now-mandatory-on-new-car-models/#:~:text=Automated%2520emergency%2520calling%2520(eCall)%2520now%2520mandatory%2520on%2520new%2520car%2520models,-April%25203%252C%25202018&text=All%2520new%2520models%2520of%2520car,the%2520event%2520of%2520a%2520collision.&text=The%2520system%2520was%2520launched%2520on%2520Android%2520phones%2520in%25202016.>Â in
>
> the EU, as well as more stringent emission standards
> <https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_Euro6-VI_briefing_jun2016.pdf>Â that
>
> ICE vehicles can only meet
> <https://autotechreview.com/opinion/guest-commentary/how-software-in-automobiles-helps-curb-pollution>Â using
>
> yet more innovative electronics and software, have further driven ECU
> and software proliferation.
> Consulting firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
> <https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en.html>Â estimates that as of 2017,
> some 40% of the cost of a new car
> <https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf>Â can
>
> be attributed to semiconductor-based electronic systems, a cost
> doubling since 2007. It estimates this total will approach 50% by
> 2030. The company further predicts that each new car today has about
> $600 worth of semiconductors packed into it, consisting of up to 3,000
> chips
> <https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/business/auto-semiconductors-general-motors-mercedes.html>Â of
>
> all types.
> Totaling the number of ECUs and lines of software only hints at the
> intricate electronic orchestration and software choreography found in
> vehicles today. By observing how they perform together, the
> extraordinary complexity that is meant to be invisible from a driverâ??s
> perspective begins to emerge. New safety, comfort, performance and
> entertainment features, the commercial imperative to offer scores of
> options to buyers resulting in a multiplicity of variants for each
> make and model, and the shift from gasoline and human drivers to
> electric and artificially intelligent drivers and the hundreds of
> millions of lines of new code that will need to be written, checked,
> debugged and secured against hackers, are making cars into
> supercomputers on wheels and forcing the auto industry to adapt. But
> can it?
>
>
> Features and Variants Drive Complexity
>
> The drive over the last two decades to provide more safety and
> entertainment features has transformed automobiles from mere
> conveyances to mobile computing centers. Instead of racks of servers
> and high-speed optical interconnects, ECUs and wiring harnesses
> communicate data throughout the vehicle and beyond. And then there are
> the 10s of millions of lines code that run every time to you go to the
> grocery store.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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>
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<p><font face="Tahoma">:)</font><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/9/2021 5:39 PM, Laurie Wilford
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:YTXPR0101MB2205546E010DB16F6F8305AAE6179@YTXPR0101MB2205.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div
dir="auto">^^&&;&&::::&^^^;^::^&:^^&£^&;&£:&&**1w1s
the w</div>
<div dir="auto">£^ jvvvjhhhjhbj hiva</div>
<div dir="auto">The dua2e2Kamloops 3sa</div>
<div dir="auto">223 21qq read sei 91q 21qq23wa221qq23wa a221geyfg
tech </div>
<div id="composer_signature" dir="auto">
<div style="font-size:85%;color:#575757" dir="auto">Sent from my
Galaxy2szszuy</div>
</div>
<div dir="auto">A3ru</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-size:100%;color:#000000" align="left">
<div>-------- Original message --------</div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding:
0px;" dir="auto">
<div dir="auto" style="font-size:100%;color:#000000"
align="left">
<div>From: llennep--- via Healeys
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:healeys@autox.team.net";><healeys@autox.team.net></a>66uf67çx</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div dir="auto" style="font-size:100%;color:#000000" align="left">
<div>Date: 2021-07-09 3:06 p.m. (GMT-05:00) </div>
<div>To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:healeys@autox.team.net";>healeys@autox.team.net</a> </div>
<div>Subject: [Healeys] Another sign that we are all doomed not
Healey </div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div style="color:black; font:10pt Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"
dir="auto"><br>
<div style="font-family:helvetica,arial; font-size:10pt;
color:black"><font size="2">
<div id="yiv6850861807">
<div style="font-family:Helvetica
Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px"
class="yiv6850861807ydp4e899ba2yahoo-style-wrap">
<div>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<h1 style="margin:10px auto; font-weight:400;
line-height:42px; font-size:40px;
font-family:Theinhardt-Medium,sans-serif;
color:rgb(0,0,0); width:620px; text-align:center"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668main-title">
How Software Is Eating the Car</h1>
<h2 style="margin:10px auto; font-weight:400;
line-height:1.2; font-size:26px;
font-family:Georgia,serif; text-align:center;
width:620px; color:rgb(136,136,136)!important"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668article-dek
yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668hide-mobile">
The trend toward self-driving and electric
vehicles will add hundreds of millions of lines of
code to cars. Can the auto industry cope?</h2>
<div style="max-width:100%; padding:4px 0px 0px;
border-top:4px solid rgb(226,76,45); margin:1em
0px; font-family:Theinhardt-Regular,sans-serif;
color:rgb(0,0,0); font-size:16px"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668author-name">
<span style="font-size:14px">By <span
style="font-family:Theinhardt-Bold,sans-serif"><a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/author/robert-n-charette";
moz-do-not-send="true">Robert N.
Charette</a></span></span></div>
<div style="max-width:100%; width:620px; margin:0px
auto; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Georgia,serif;
font-size:16px"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668articleBody
yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668entry-content">
<div style="max-width:100%"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668hide-mobile">
<div style="max-width:100%"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668article-parsely">
<div style="max-width:100%"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668row">
<div style="width:300px; padding-right:15px;
padding-left:15px; max-width:100%"
class="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668col-md-12">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="max-width:100%"
id="yiv6850861807ydp7d8f668blog-inner">
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">Predictions of lost global
vehicle production caused by the <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-Spotlight/How-the-chip-shortage-got-so-bad-and-why-it-s-so-hard-to-fix";
moz-do-not-send="true">ongoing semiconductor
shortage</a> continue to rise. In January, <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/automobile/world-s-biggest-automakers-suspend-operations-as-chip-supplies-dry-up-121032400488_1.html";
moz-do-not-send="true">analysts
forecast</a> that 1.5
million fewer vehicles would be produced as a
result of the shortage; by April that <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.autonews.com/manufacturing/latest-numbers-microchip-shortage-pickups-taking-bigger-hits";
moz-do-not-send="true">number had steadily
climbed</a>Â to more than 2.7 million units,
and by May, to <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.autonews.com/manufacturing/plants-big-worry-missing-demand-because-chip-crisis";
moz-do-not-send="true">more than 4.1 million
units</a>.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">The semiconductor shortage
has underscored not only the <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-semiconductors-supply-chain-ins/auto-industry-rethinks-cost-cutting-playbook-as-covid-19-chip-shortages-disrupt-supply-chains-idUSKBN2BO4ZW";
moz-do-not-send="true">fragility of the
automotive supply chain</a>, but placed an
intense spotlight on the auto industryâ??s
reliance on the dozens of concealed computers
embedded throughout vehicles today.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">â??No other industry is
undergoing as rapid technological change as
the auto industry,â?? says <span>Zoran Filipi,
Chair of the Department of Automotive
Engineering at </span><a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://cuicar.com/";
moz-do-not-send="true">Clemson Universityâ??s
International Center for Automotive
Research</a>. â??This
is driven by the need to address impending,
evermore stringent CO<span
style="font-size:13.5px; line-height:0;
vertical-align:baseline"><span>2</span></span>Â and
criteria emission regulations, while
sustaining unprecedented rate of progress with
development of automation and infotainment,
and meeting the customer expectations
regarding performance, comfort, and
utility.â?? </div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">The coming years will see
even greater change, as more auto
manufacturers <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.caranddriver.com/news/g35562831/ev-plans-automakers-timeline/";
moz-do-not-send="true">commit</a>Â to phasing
out their internal combustion engine (ICE)
powered vehicles to meet <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/growing-momentum-global-overview-of-government-targets-for-phasing-out-sales-of-new-internal-combustion-engine-vehicles/";
moz-do-not-send="true">global climate-change
targets</a> by <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.caranddriver.com/news/g29994375/future-electric-cars-trucks/";
moz-do-not-send="true">replacing them with
electric vehicles</a>Â (EVs) that will
eventually be <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.jdpower.com/cars/shopping-guides/levels-of-autonomous-driving-explained";
moz-do-not-send="true">capable of autonomous
operation</a>.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">The past decade of ICE
vehicle development illustrates the rapid
progress it has made, as well as where it is
heading.</div>
<img style="vertical-align:middle;
border-style:none; max-width:100%;
margin-bottom:5px; display:block; width:300px"
class="yiv6850861807"
src="https://spectrum.ieee.org/image/MzgyNzk1Mw.jpeg";
alt="Chart titled Vehicle production shortfall
due to chip shortage."
onmouseover="imageMousePointerUpdate(true)"
onmouseout="imageMousePointerUpdate(false)"
moz-do-not-send="true"><br>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">â??Once, software was a part
of the car. Now, software determines the value
of a car,â?? notes <span>Manfred Broy, emeritus
professor of informatics at </span><a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.tum.de/en/";
moz-do-not-send="true">Technical
University</a><span>,
Munich and a leading expert on software in
automobiles.</span>Â â??The success of a car
depends on its software much more than the
mechanical side.â?? Nearly all vehicle
innovations by auto manufacturers, or original
equipment manufacturers (OEMs) as they are
called by industry insiders, are now tied to
software, he says.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px"><a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/systems/this-car-runs-on-code";
moz-do-not-send="true">Ten years ago</a>,
only premium cars contained 100
microprocessor-based electronic control units
(ECUs) networked throughout the body of a car,
executing 100 million lines of code or more.
Today, high-end cars like the BMW 7-series
with advanced technology like <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.caranddriver.com/research/a31880412/adas/";
moz-do-not-send="true">advanced
driver-assist systems</a>Â (ADAS)Â <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.embitel.com/blog/embedded-blog/automotive-control-units-development-innovations-mechanical-to-electronics";
moz-do-not-send="true">may contain</a>Â 150
ECUs or more, while pick-up trucks like <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2016/01/13/guess-what-requires-150-million-lines-of-code/";
moz-do-not-send="true">Fordâ??s F-150 top 150
million lines of code</a>. Even low-end
vehicles are quickly approaching 100 ECUs and
100 million of lines of code as more features
that were once considered luxury options, such
as <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.motortrend.com/news/adaptive-cruise-control/";
moz-do-not-send="true">adaptive cruise
control</a> and <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.motortrend.com/news/automatic-emergency-braking/";
moz-do-not-send="true">automatic emergency
braking</a>, are becoming standard.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">Additional safety features
that have been mandated since 2010 like <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://mycardoeswhat.org/safety-features/electronic-stability-control/";
moz-do-not-send="true">electronic stability
control,</a>Â <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/cars-us-now-required-backup-cameras/story?id=54854404";
moz-do-not-send="true">backup cameras</a>,
and <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://etsc.eu/automated-emergency-calling-ecall-now-mandatory-on-new-car-models/#:~:text=Automated%2520emergency%2520calling%2520(eCall)%2520now%2520mandatory%2520on%2520new%2520car%2520models,-April%25203%252C%25202018&text=All%2520new%2520models%2520of%2520car,the%2520event%2520of%2520a%2520collision.&text=The%2520system%2520was%2520launched%2520on%2520Android%2520phones%2520in%25202016."
moz-do-not-send="true">automatic emergency
calling (eCall)</a>Â in the EU, as well as
more <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_Euro6-VI_briefing_jun2016.pdf";
moz-do-not-send="true">stringent emission
standards</a> that ICE vehicles <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://autotechreview.com/opinion/guest-commentary/how-software-in-automobiles-helps-curb-pollution";
moz-do-not-send="true">can only meet</a>Â using
yet more innovative electronics and software,
have further driven ECU and software
proliferation.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">Consulting firm <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en.html";
moz-do-not-send="true">Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu Limited</a>Â estimates that as of
2017, some <a style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf";
moz-do-not-send="true">40% of the cost of a
new car</a>Â can be attributed to
semiconductor-based electronic systems, a cost
doubling since 2007. It estimates this total
will approach 50% by 2030. The company further
predicts that each new car today has about
$600 worth of semiconductors packed into it, <a
style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
text-decoration-line:underline;
background-color:transparent"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/business/auto-semiconductors-general-motors-mercedes.html";
moz-do-not-send="true">consisting of up
to 3,000 chips</a> of all types.</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">Totaling the number of ECUs
and lines of software only hints at the
intricate electronic orchestration and
software choreography found in vehicles today.
By observing how they perform together, the
extraordinary complexity that is meant to be
invisible from a driverâ??s perspective begins
to emerge. New safety, comfort, performance
and entertainment features, the commercial
imperative to offer scores of options to
buyers resulting in a multiplicity of variants
for each make and model, and the shift from
gasoline and human drivers to electric and
artificially intelligent drivers and the
hundreds of millions of lines of new code that
will need to be written, checked, debugged and
secured against hackers, are making cars into
supercomputers on wheels and forcing the auto
industry to adapt. But can it? </div>
<h3 style="margin-top:0px; font-weight:400;
line-height:1.2;
font-family:Theinhardt-Regular,sans-serif;
color:rgb(90,90,90)">
Features and Variants Drive Complexity</h3>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 1em; font-size:18px;
line-height:25px">The drive over the last two
decades to provide more safety and
entertainment features has transformed
automobiles from mere conveyances to mobile
computing centers. Instead of racks of servers
and high-speed optical interconnects, ECUs and
wiring harnesses communicate data throughout
the vehicle and beyond. And then there are the
10s of millions of lines code that run every
time to you go to the grocery store.</div>
</div>
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